Antibody-induced secondary treatment failure in a patient treated with botulinum toxin type A for glabellar frown lines

Gabriele Stengel, Eva Kristina Bee Hautarztpraxis Stengel and Bee, Münster, Germany Abstract: Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) preparations are widely used nonsurgical treatments for facial wrinkles.Higher doses of BTX-A are also used for therapeutic purposes in the treatment of conditions involving increased muscle tone, such as cervical dorisv

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Gut-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) in Cardio-Metabolic Diseases: Detection, Mechanism, and Potential Therapeutics

Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) is a biologically active gut microbiome-derived dietary metabolite.Recent studies have shown that high circulating plasma TMAO levels are closely associated with diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension, and metabolic disorders such as diabetes and hyperlipidemia, contributing to endothelial dysfunction.There

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